荷兰的球形房屋，你想住进去吗？Spherical Houses Weren't a Great Idea

荷兰的球形房屋，你想住进去吗？Spherical Houses Weren't a Great Idea
So in 1968, the Dutch government's Ministry for Public Housing and Spatial Planning started to offer grants for experimental architecture.
1968年起，荷兰政府公共住宅和空间规划部便启动了对实验性建筑项目的资助计划。
Because, to quote the government minister in charge, "Men weet niet wat men mist".
因为正如负责这一领域的政府部长所言，“人们不知道他们缺失了什么。”
You don't know what you're missing.
你不晓得自己失去了什么。
Maybe they'd find a way to radically improve housing for everyone.
或许他们能找到一种创新的方式，从根本上为每个人提供更好的住房。
A lot of the experiments were very tame.
许多实验都相当平淡无奇。
You wouldn't really notice them as you walked through a city, they just used different materials, or organised the rooms or houses differently.
你漫步于城市之中，可能根本察觉不到这些变化，它们仅仅是采用了不一样的建筑材料，或者对房屋和房间的布局进行了别出心裁的设计。
And they actually did find ways to build better homes.
他们确实找到了更优化的居住建筑方案。
Some of the experiments were the sort of stark, brutalist work that you might expect from 1960s or 70s architects.
其中一些设计实验展现出的是你可能会联想到20世纪60、70年代建筑师作品的那种简朴、硬朗风格。
Interesting to look at, not always great places to live.
观赏性很高，但居住体验却不尽人意。
Some of those became quite famous, like the cube houses in Helmond and Rotterdam.
其中一些建筑设计因其独特性而名声大噪，如赫尔蒙德与鹿特丹的立方体房屋。
One of the final experiments to get the subsidy was built in 1984.
其中一个获得补贴支持的最终试验项目建成于1984年。
And it was very strange indeed.
而这一建筑确实颇为异乎寻常。
The Bolwoningen, the sphere houses, sit in Den Bosch in the south of the country.
这些建筑名为球形住宅，位于该国南方的斯海尔托亨博斯。
According to the designer, artist Dries Kreijkamp, humans were not meant to live in a box.
设计师兼艺术家Dries Kreijkamp认为，人们本不应只生活在方盒子中。
It's not very spacious, but depending on the person, like, I personally don't have claustrophobia.
其实空间并不算大，但这要看个人感受，像我自己就不会感到幽闭恐惧。
But I have heard from other people that they have experiences of claustrophobia when they enter the house.
不过，我听其他人说，他们一进这房子就有一种幽闭恐惧的感觉。
So, it's not made for everyone.
因此，这个地方并不适合所有人。
Kreijkamp was more a designer than an architect.
克雷杰坎普更多的是位设计师，而非建筑师。
The experimental houses are liveable, and they're still used as social housing, where the local government is the landlord.
这些建造的实验房屋可以供人居住，并且至今仍作为社区公共住房使用，由当地政府负责管理。
But there are definitely some problems.
但确实存在着一些问题。
Because of the trees, the shell of the house gets green pretty quickly.
因为树木的关系，房子的外壳很容易长满青苔，变得绿油油。
Once in 5 or 10 years, they do a complete cleaning of the houses.
大约每五到十年，他们就会对房屋进行一次全面的大扫除。
But anything inside the house, that's all for yourself.
但房内之物，全都是自己的私人领域。
Except for proper maintenance, like the boilers and that kind of stuff.
除此之外，还需要对锅炉等设备进行适当保养。
Or if the windows are leaking, 'cause that's one of the biggest problems we have.
或者比如窗户漏水，因为这是我们最常见的大问题之一。
On a good rainy day, you can basically swim in your living quarters.
逢雨天，你的居住区几乎能变成泳池。
The first floor is where you enter the house.
第一层是进门的入口。
The second floor is the sleeping quarters.
二楼设有卧室区。
Then you go another stair, and then you get to the bathroom and the shower.
再上一层楼梯，便是浴室和淋浴区。
And then you have the upper floor, which is the living room, the kitchen.
然后是顶层，那里设有客厅和厨房。
If you have a lot of stuff, you have to adapt because there's very limited room.
如果你带的东西比较多，得学会适应，因为可用空间实在是有限。
So you have to use every inch.
因此，你得好好利用每一寸可用的空间。
Even if you measure, it's still no guarantee that things will fit.
即便提前测量，也无法确保一切物品都能完美适配。
The two halves of each house were built in a temporary factory on site here and then connected together.
每一栋房屋的两部分是在这里的一个临时工厂中制作的，随后拼接在一起。
These are made from glass fibre reinforced concrete, with 10 centimetres of rockwool insulation between the outer and inner hull.
这些由玻璃纤维增强混凝土构成，外层和内层之间填充了10厘米厚的岩棉绝热材料。
Which means they are warm.
这样一来，它们的保温性能很好。
If it is 20 degrees outside, then it becomes 25 inside.
如果外部温度为20度，那么室内温度将升至25度。
So we cover the windows. We're always looking forward to the winter, really.
因此我们需要给窗户加上遮挡。我们真的很盼望冬天的来临。
During winter it's quite nice and comfy actually.
实际上，冬天的时候感觉挺舒服、挺惬意的。
I can't complain.
我挺满意的，没啥可抱怨的。
Maybe, if these plans continued, the third or fourth generation of these houses would have worked well.
或许，只要持续推进这些计划，这些建筑到了第三代或第四代时就能表现出色。
But not only did they have problems, they also proved just too expensive compared to the economies of scale for traditional housing.
但这些计划不仅问题重重，且与传统住宅相比，在成本上也显得过于高昂。
Recently these houses were added monumental status, so they get a little bit more care.
近期，这些建筑被授予了纪念建筑的地位，因此得到了更多的照顾和保养。
They can't be demolished.
不得对其进行拆除。
But that's only on the local level, not governmental level.
但这种保护只限于地方级别，并非在政府层级。
At least not yet.
至少现阶段还未如此。
The surprising thing for me is not that these houses exist.
让我感到惊奇的，并不是这些建筑物的存在。
There's a lot of weird houses out there. I've visited a few of them.
世界上真是有各种各样奇特的房屋。我去过其中的几座。
What surprised me is: they're still homes, they're still lived in, they've not been converted to hotels or short term lets or quirky tourist attractions.
让我意外的是：这些建筑依旧是人们的住所，并没有转变为酒店、短租房或是那种奇特的旅游点。
And they're not sitting disused and broken.
并且它们没有废弃荒败，仍在使用中。
The dreams of the space age didn't all come to pass, we don't all live in spheres now and it turns out that there are good reasons for that.
太空时代的梦想并非全部成真，我们并没有像预想的那样全都居住在球形住所里，事实证明，这背后有着充分的理由。
But some people still do.
但是依然有人在实践这一梦想。
It's nice to live here, it's peaceful, the shops are nearby, you've got a park next to your house, you can ice-skate in the winter.
这里是个理想的居住地，环境宁静，商铺近在咫尺，紧邻住所就是公园，冬季你甚至可以在这里滑冰。
We have good neighbours, we do hang out, we do chat with one another.
我们的邻里关系很好，经常一起出去玩，彼此之间也会闲聊。
You get used to it. It just asks a lot of adapting to it. And being creative.
你会习惯的。它只是要求我们去适应它。还要有创造力。