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Copernicus, the European climate agency, says 2023 broke records for global warmth.
欧洲气象机构哥白尼表示，2023年全球气温创下了新纪录。
The average temperature for the year was 1.48 degrees Celsius above the world’s pre-industrial temperature.
全年平均气温比世界工业化前的气温高出1.48摄氏度。
World climate experts agree that an average increase up to 1.5 degrees or higher could lead to extreme climate disasters. They set the 1.5 degree Celsius mark at a 2015 climate conference in Paris.
世界气候专家一致认为，平均气温升高到1.5摄氏度或更高可能导致极端的气候灾害。他们在2015年巴黎气候大会上设定了1.5摄氏度的目标。
However, January 2024 is measuring so warm that it is likely to average at or beyond the 1.5 mark for the month, says Samantha Burgess. She is Deputy Director of Copernicus. Scientists have repeatedly said an average of 1.5 degrees of warming over as much as thirty years would violate the limit.
然而，Copernicus副主任Samantha Burgess表示，2024年1月的气温如此之高，可能在该月平均值上方或达到1.5摄氏度以上。科学家们一再表示，在多达30年的时间内平均升温1.5摄氏度将违反限制。
The 1.5 degree goal “has to be (kept) alive because lives are at risk and choices have to be made,” Burgess said.
Burgess表示，1.5摄氏度的目标“必须保持下去，因为生命岌岌可危，必须做出选择”。
The record heat made life difficult and sometimes deadly in Europe, North America and China, among other places. Climate scientists say heat is not the only problem related to temperature rise. They say severe weather events such as heavy rains that cause flooding, along with wildfires and extreme dry conditions are connected to the rising temperatures.
创纪录的高温使得欧洲、北美和中国等地的生活变得困难，有时甚至变得致命。气候科学家表示，热浪并非与气温上升有关的唯一问题。他们表示，严重的天气事件，如引发洪水的暴雨、野火和极端干旱条件，都与气温上升有关。
For the first time, nations meeting on climate late in 2023 agreed that the world needs to move away from polluting fossil fuels.
2023年底，首次有国家在气候问题上达成一致意见，认为世界需要摆脱污染性化石燃料。
Copernicus said the average temperature in 2023 was one-sixth of a degree Celsius above the past record, set in 2016. The average temperature was 14.98 degrees Celsius.
哥白尼表示，2023年的平均气温比2016年创下的过去记录高出0.16摄氏度。平均气温为14.98摄氏度。
“It was record-breaking for seven months. We had the warmest June, July, August, September, October, November, December,” Burgess said. “It wasn’t just a season or a month that was exceptional. It was exceptional for over half the year.”
Burgess表示：“它在七个月内创下了记录。我们经历了有史以来最温暖的6月、7月、8月、9月、10月、11月和12月。”“这不仅仅是一个季节或一个月份异常，而是在半年以上的时间里异常。”
Malte Meinshausen is a climate scientist at the University of Melbourne in Australia. He says about 1.3 degrees Celsius of the warming comes from greenhouse gases, with another 0.1 degrees from usual weather conditions such as El Nino.
Malte Meinshausen是澳大利亚墨尔本大学的气候科学家。他表示，约1.3摄氏度的升温来自温室气体，另外0.1摄氏度来自通常的天气条件，如厄尔尼诺。
Copernicus records only go back to 1940. Other organizations will announce climate reports for 2023 on Friday. The groups include the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the U.S. and Great Britain’s Meteorological Office.
哥白尼的记录仅追溯到1940年。其他组织将在周五公布2023年的气候报告，包括美国国家海洋和大气管理局以及英国的气象办公室。
While some national weather offices only have records going back to the 1940s, many scientists agree that this is the warmest period for the Earth in over 100,000 years.
虽然一些国家气象办公室的记录仅追溯到1940年代，但许多科学家一致认为，这是地球有史以来超过10万年的最温暖时期。
Copernicus said there were two and nearly three days in 2023 where the world’s average temperature was at least 2 degrees above that of the pre-industrial period. In addition, for more than half the year, the world average temperature was 1.5 degrees warmer than in the mid-1800s.
哥白尼表示，2023年有两天，几乎有三天，全球平均气温至少比工业化前期高出2摄氏度。此外，在半年以上的时间里，世界平均气温比19世纪中期高出1.5摄氏度。
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Words in This Story
record –n. a number or result surpasses the greatest or highest from the past
average –n. a number that is calculated by adding quantities together and then dividing the total by the number of quantities
fossil fuels –n. a fuel (such as coal, oil, or natural gas) that is formed in the earth from dead plants or animals
greenhouse gases –n. polluting gases that cause the warming of the Earth’s atmosphere
