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定语从句是形容词从句,其作用相当于一个形容词,是用来修饰前面的名词或代词的;同位语从句是名词从句,其作用相当于一个名词,是对前面的名词作进一步解释的。
1. We heard the news that he had told her.
我们听到他对她说的消息。
2. We heard the news that he had won the game.
我们听到消息他赢得了比赛。
二、定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分,可作主语、宾语、状语等;而同位语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用,不作任何句子成分。
三、引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时,可以省略或被其他词代替;而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略,更不能被代替。
…can only be seen in museums is mistaken.
mistaken adj.: incorrect, wrong, misunderstood
弄错的,误解的
e.g. The ancients were mistaken in their belief that the earth was flat.
古代人错误地认为地球是扁平的。