- 06-24 条件状语从句基本用法
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一、条件状语从句句型
条件状语从句表示主句动作发生的条件, 引导条件状语从句的连接词有:if,意为“如果;假设”;unless,意为“如果不;除非”。if从句可放在主句前或主句后,从句置于主句前时,须用逗号与主句隔开,反之则不用逗号。
1. if从句,主语+will(not)+动词原形,在此句型中,从句谈论的是一个可能发生事实的条件,主句表示其产生的相应结果。
If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请他帮忙,他会帮助你的。
If it doesn’t rain, we’ll go to the Great Wall. 如果明天不下雨,我们就去长城。
2. if从句+祈使句,在此句型中,从句表示能够发生或可能发生的事情(如果……),主句表达建议(就……)。此时,从句谓语动词要用一般现在时态。
Please ring me up if you have time this evening. 如果你今晚上有空的话,请给我打电话。
If you want to go, please let me know. 如果你想要去,请让我知道。
3. if从句,主语+may(can, might, could…)+ 动词原形,在此句型中,从句表示能够发生或可能发生的事情,主句表达主观上能够或者应该做什么。
If it stops snowing, we can go out. 如果雪停了,我们就可以出去了。
If you want to lose weight, you should take more exercise. 你要想减肥,就应该多运动。
二、条件句与简单句的关系【贝贝英语网】
句型:祈使句+and (or, then)+简单句(用一般将来时),这种句型相当于if引导的一个条件状语从句。从意义上可以看出祈使句表示一种条件或假设,陈述句表示一个结果。因此这个句型通常可以转换成“if条件状语从句+主句”形式。
1. 祈使句与简单句之间常有一个逗号,如果表示顺承关系,用and连接前后句。and后面的简单句中谓语动词常用将来时,主语通常是you,也可用其他人称。改写成if条件状语从句时要去掉and。
Study hard, and you will pass the exam. 努力学习,你会通过考试的。
=If you work hard, you will pass the exam.
2. 如果表示转折关系则用or。or意为“否则”,表示从反面来预测一个结果。因此,需要把if条件句变为否定句形式,这样意思才能完整。
Work hard, or you won’t pass the exam. 你要是不努力学习,考试就不会及格。
= Work hard, and you will pass the exam.
= If you work hard, you will pass the exam.
= If you don’t work hard, you won’t pass the exam.
Hurry up, or you’ll be late. =If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.
3. 祈使句+ then+ 简单句,这种句型中的then不是并列连词,而是连接副词,改写成if条件状语从句时要去掉then。
Use your head, then you’ll find a good way. 动脑,你会找到一个好的方法。
= If you use your head, you’ll find a good way.
Go into the cave, then they won’t see you. 进入洞穴,他们不会看见你的。
= If you go into the cave, they won’t see you.
4. 介词with或without表示假设关系时,可以改写成if条件状语从句。
Without water, nothing could live. 没有水,就没有生命。
= If there are no water, nothing could live.
With your help, I’ll certainly be good at physics.
= If I have your help, I’ll certainly be good at physics.
小练习:用if 连接下面的句子。
1. You do not understand the article. Please ask your teacher.
2. You want to know more about it. Please call your teacher.
3. Tell him to make a phone call to me. He will come here tomorrow.
4. You want to go. Please tell me.
5. We will have no water to drink. We don’t protect the earth.
Keys:
1. If you do not understand the article, please ask your teacher.
2. If you want to know more about it, please call your teacher.
3. If he comes here tomorrow, tell him to make a phone call to me.
4. If you want to go, please tell me.
5. If we don’t protect the earth, we will have no water to drink.【贝贝英语网】