小学英语语法：现在进行时讲义

现在贝贝英语网分享的是小学英语语法：现在进行时讲义，具体如下：
一、定义
1. 表示“此刻”正在进行的动作。His mother is kicking his ass. Look! A fly is flying in the classroom.
2. 表示“现阶段”正在进行的动作。
The writer is writing a new book these days.这些天作家正在写一本新书。
译文：表示“某人（现在、现阶段）正在做……事”
二、句式构成
肯：主+be (am、is、are)+V-ing. (现在分词)。e.g.  We are learning English. 我们正在学英语。
否：主+be+not+V-ing。eg ：We are not learning English
疑： Be+主+V-ing+？Are you learning English？
答：肯：Yes,主+be.  否：No,主+be+not.(缩略式)
特：特殊疑问句常考题型为对划线部分提问--对不同句子成分的提问
The boys are playing games on the playground now.（可对四部分提问但不对时间状语now提问）
1.    对“主语”（The boys）提问：
Who is playing games on the playground?
2．对“谓语+宾语”(playing games)提问：
What are the boys doing on the playground?
3. 对“宾语”(games)提问：
What are boys playing on the playground ?
4. 对“地点状语”(on the playground)提问：
Where are the boys playing games ?
三、动词变化
（一）现在分词V-ing变化规则      口诀：直、去、双、变
“直”：直接+-ing：doing，going，standing，walking，playing, emptying；
“去”：去词尾不发音的e+-ing： coming，riding，writing，dancing， making, changing, driving, becoming, inviting, typing, shaving,  arriving,  phoning, 但：seeing, being不用。 
“双”：双写尾字母+-ing：putting，sitting，running，beginning，swimming, 
shopping，shutting, getting, letting, digging, preferring, babysitting  (traveling 或traveling) 
“变”：以ie结尾，变ie为y+-ing：die→dying      lie→lying    tie→tying
(be dying=奄奄一息)
(二)发音规则：-ing发“英”的音。其应与前面v.的尾音像拼音一样“连读”即可.
四、标志性“时间状语”
1. now, at the moment, at this moment,at this time.“现在，此刻”those days这阶段
e.g. They are playing basketball now.  Which company are you working for at present?
解析：这组词意为“现在、此刻”，表明动作正在发生，故用现在进行时
2．Look! Listen! 口诀：Look! Listen!来提醒，动作正在进行中。
e.g.   Listen! Mary is singing.  听！Mary正在唱歌。
Look! He is playing football. 瞧！他在踢足球。
3．Be quiet, Be quick ；Hurry up. 快点
e.g.   Be quiet! The baby is sleeping.    
 e.g.   Be quick/Hurry up, or you will be late. 
      Be quick. They are waiting for us outside.
总结：以上小的祈使句出现，后面可用“现进”或“将来”时态，应依据题意来判断。
五、特殊用法
1.一些介词短语用于“主+系+表”结构中表进行时
e.g.   be at work. 在工作            
be at table 在吃饭    
be at church  在做礼拜        
be at school 在上学
2.表示思想，感情，状态等的动词一般不用于进行时，
e.g. like, love, hope (希望), wish (但愿), want, know, understand, belong to (属于),think (认为), live, have (有). 
e.g.  I live in Beijing.     He wants to go shopping with his mother.
3.以下动词如：go, come, leave, start, move, arrive, fly等, 表“来来去去”的“趋向性”动词常用“现进”表“将来”。
e.g.  I am coming. We’re leaving tomorrow.

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